In 2023, the Naval Institute marked a significant milestone as it celebrated its 150th anniversary. Concurrently, the Foundation inaugurated a new capital campaign, “The Power of Resiliency,” with the ambitious goal of raising $10 million to help strengthen the Institute’s mission-critical programs and initiatives to continue its unique forum for the next 150 years. We extend our profound gratitude to all those who have helped the Institute not only achieve but also exceed this goal.
Major Donors 2023
In particular, we acknowledge the following supporters who provided gifts and payments totaling at least $1,000 in calendar year 2023.
Alfred Thayer Mahan Society
(Annual gifts and payments of $25,000 and above)
MajGen Charles F. Bolden Jr., USMC (Ret.)
Martin J. Bollinger
RADM Joseph F. Callo, USNR (Ret.)
VADM Peter H. Daly, USN (Ret.), and Jane Daly
VADM Dirk J. Debbink, USNR (Ret.), and Teresa Debbink
Hon. Gordon R. England
Mrs. William D. Houser
Mel Immergut and Barbara Lyne
Mark and Jane Johnson
Max R. Johnson, MD
Jennifer B. London, Ph.D.
John Majoras
Dirk P. Mosis III
David and Barbara Parks
Bill and Marti Rodamaker
CAPT Edward A. Studzinski, USN (Ret.)
LT Allan R. Tessler, USN (Ret.), and Frances Tessler
Byron D. Trott
Michael J. Wallace
Stephen and Sandra Waters
CAPT Roland W. Wetmore, USN (Ret.)
Michael M. Wiseman, Esq., and Prof. Helen Garten
Stephen B. Luce Society
(Annual gifts and payments of $10,000–$24,999)
Gen John R. Allen, USMC (Ret.)
David and Kitty Beecken
Robert C. Bellas Jr.
Thomas and Christine Berk
VADM John M. Bird, USN (Ret.), and Leonora Bird
Brett Bozeman
Paul and Kathy Charron
Lawrence T. Di Rita
ADM James O. Ellis Jr., USN (Ret.)
RADM Mark T. Emerson, USN (Ret.)
CDR Gregory Glaros, USN (Ret.)
ADM Jonathan W. Greenert, USN (Ret.), and Darleen Greenert
ADM Harry B. Harris, USN (Ret.)
ADM Jay L. Johnson, USN (Ret.), and Sydney M. Johnson
LCDR Paul G. Johnson, USNR (Ret.), and Debra T. Johnson
RADM Dietrich Kuhlmann, USN (Ret.)
Hon. Ellen Lord
CAPT Martin J. Mahon, USNR (Ret.), and Mitzie Rummel
RDML Michael K. Mahon, USN (Ret.), and Kristin Mahon
Patrick J. Moran, Esq., and Ann Moran
C. Michael and Nancy B. Petters
CAPT Michael J. Salvato, USN (Ret.), and Cathy Salvato
John J. Schiff Jr.
CDR Guy Snodgrass, USN (Ret.), and Sarah Snodgrass
Andrew C. Taylor
Hon. Robert O. Work and Cassandra Work
The 1873 Society
(Annual gifts and payments of $5,000–$9,999)
Oliver Ames
John K. Castle
Lammot D. Copeland Jr.
CDR James M. DeFrancia, USN (Ret.)
VADM Robert F. Dunn, USN (Ret.)*
Hon. Christine H. Fox
Walter C. Hulon, MD
Robert F. Hutchinson
ADM William F. Moran, USN (Ret.)
Hon. Sean O’Keefe
Gen Peter Pace, USMC (Ret.)
RADM Kendell Pease, USN (Ret.)
Andrei Perumal
LCDR Jason M. Pilalas, USN (Ret.)*
ADM J.P. Reason, USN (Ret.)
Stanley Ross
CDR Robert Shields, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Ernest M. Snowden, USN (Ret.)
Gerald D. Sullivan
RADM Gregory A. Timberlake, USN (Ret.)
Sharon Todd
RADM Sidney A. Wallace, USCG (Ret.)
Dr. William F. Whitsitt
The Leadership Circle
(Annual gifts and payments of $1,000–$4,999)
Nadim AbuHaidar
CAPT David A. Adams, USN (Ret.)
RDML John W. Adams, USN (Ret.)
RADM Fred Ames, USCG (Ret.)
ADM Stanley R. Arthur, USN (Ret.)
VADM Joseph P. Aucoin, USN (Ret.)
LT Arthur D. Baker III, USNR (Ret.)
James P. Balet
LCDR Richard N. Baney, USNR (Ret.)
RADM Jon M. Barr, USN (Ret.)
Robert A. Bartlett Jr.
CAPT Donald Bates, USN (Ret.)
Lawrence J. Beaser, Esq.
CDR Hugh T. Beatty, USN (Ret.)
RADM Chuck J. Beers Jr., USN (Ret.)
Andrew Blackley Jr.
Frans H. Boetes
Robert W. Bolster Jr.
Betsy Bowman
CAPT Lawson W. Brigham, USCG (Ret.)
VADM William R. Burke, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Brian Buzzell, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Paul E. Carlson, USN (Ret.)
VADM Evan M. Chanik Jr., USN (Ret.)
Gregory J. Chase
John D. Ching
David Chomeau
Dr. Douglas B. Clarke
LtCol John Clatworthy, USMC (Ret.)
RADM Jay M. Cohen, USN (Ret.)
Jonathan L. Cohen
Barry E. Collins
Edward M. Condit
RADM Dennis R. Conley, USN (Ret.)
George G. Conner
David E. Conston, MD
Jim Conway
VADM Daniel L. Cooper, USN (Ret.)
Rosemary Coskey
RDML Tony L. Cothron, USN (Ret.)
Barry L. Cox
VADM Doug Crowder, USN (Ret.)
CDR John M. Dahm, USN (Ret.)
BG James P. Daley, USAR
Luigi L. De Ghenghi
CAPT Dennis R. Dean, USN (Ret.)
LTJG Thomas C. Deas Jr., USN (Ret.)
Joseph N. DeCarlo
CDR F. Duane Duff, USN (Ret.)
Manuel Dupkin II
Michael C. Durney
LCDR Paul T. Elder, USNR (Ret.)
CAPT William J. Erickson, USN (Ret.)
ADM William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)
ADM Thomas B. Fargo, USN (Ret.)
Ed Farrell
CAPT Richard K. Farrell, USN (Ret.)
Michael J. Fedak
CAPT Charles D. Fellows, USN (Ret.)
John J. Galizia
CAPT Thomas M. Gallagher, USN (Ret.)
Betty Gay
ADM Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr., USN (Ret.)
CAPT James F. Giblin Jr., USN (Ret.)
Chuck Goodman
George E. Goodwine
Alan C. Goudy
Max Greenberg
LtGen Wallace C. Gregson, USMC (Ret.)
CAPT Frederick H. Hallett, USN (Ret.)
CAPT William P. Hamblet, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Arthur Hamilt, USNR (Ret.)
William Hannigan
Maj Robert L. Heaton, USAF (Ret.)
Dr. Brian Hennings
Patricia Herschkowitz
RADM Alan B. Hicks, USN (Ret.)
CAPT William L. Hicks, USN (Ret.)
James Hillhouse IV
CAPT Douglas P. Howell, USN (Ret.)
LTC David M. Hunter, USA (Ret.)
Hon. Paul R. Ignatius
ADM Bobby R. Inman, USN (Ret.)
Raymond F. Jacobsen
Susan Jannuzzi
Robert Jans
Andrew M. Jergens
CDR T. Parker Jones Jr., USN (Ret.)
Robert M. Kanze
CAPT Leslie G. Kappel, USN (Ret.)
RADM Mark Kenny, USN (Ret.)
Carter Kerns
Howard J. Kestenberg
RADM Margaret D. Klein, USN (Ret.)
LCDR Thomas W. Klotz, USN
VADM Al H. Konetzni Jr., USN (Ret.)
VADM Alexander Krekich, USN (Ret.)
LCDR Miguel A. Lake, USN (Ret.)
C. Alan Lancaster
Joshua H. Landes
CWO4 Dennis L. Languell, USN (Ret.)
Chris Le Bris
Stephen Leaman
Gen Samuel K. Lessey Jr., USAF (Ret.)
RADM Lewis S. Libby, USN (Ret.)
LCDR Stewart Lindsay Jr., USNR (Ret.)
CAPT Nelson H. Litsinger, USN (Ret.)
William R. Loomis Jr.
Kurtice Luther
PO2 Merrill A. Magowan, USCG
Les Mann
RADM Thomas F. Marfiak, USN (Ret.)
RADM Larry R. Marsh, USN (Ret.)
Dr. Ernest Marshall, MD
Allen W. Martin
Jeralyne Matais
ADM Henry H. Mauz Jr., USN (Ret.)
RADM Douglas McAneny, USN (Ret.)
CDR Bryan G. McGrath, USN (Ret.)
CDR Russell E. McKenna Jr., USN (Ret.)
RDML Terence E. McKnight, USN (Ret.)
John B. McLaren
RDML James P. McManamon, USN (Ret.)
CAPT David J. McMunn, USN (Ret.)
CDR Gary V. Meinert, USNR
Madonna Messina
ADM Richard W. Mies, USN (Ret.)
CDR Nickolas I. Milanytch, USN (Ret.)
Jerrold L. Miller
Judith A. Mitchell
Julianne Whitehead Morris
Capt Jonathan Mott, USMCR (Ret.)
CAPT Jim Murphy, USN (Ret.)
CDR Henri W. Naeger Jr., USN (Ret.)
Brent A. Neiser
Clement B. Newbold Jr.
CDR Randolph Ni, USN (Ret.)
CAPT John E. O’Neil Jr., USN (Ret.)
CAPT Harold E. Old Jr., USN (Ret.)
LCDR William G. Paine Jr., USN (Ret.)
CDR Bret Pasiuk, USN (Ret.)
Kenneth Pauwels
John R. Peracchio, Esq.
Richard Pittenger
Benjamin Plotkin, MD
CAPT James R. Poole, USN (Ret.)
CDR Thomas M. Price, USN (Ret.)
ADM Joseph W. Prueher, USN (Ret.)
Michael Rabinowitz, Ph.D.
Frederick H. Rainbow
CDR Stephen P. Recca, USN (Ret.)
Donna M. Reemsnyder
Annie Rehill
Norman E. Reid
Andrew Richardson, SES
RADM Jan T. Riker, USCG (Ret.)
John K. Roach, PhD.
CAPT Gerard D. Roncolato, USN (Ret.)
William M. Rosen
CAPT David A. Rosenberg,
USNR (Ret.)
Vincent Rothemich
CAPT Peter F. Sandrock, USNR (Ret.)
Robert F. Sappio
Hon. George A. Sawyer
Peter Scala
Paul A. Schneider
David Scully
CAPT Robert E. Sheridan, USN (Ret.)
LtGen Philip D. Shutler, USMC (Ret.)
Damir S. Skerl
VADM Walter M. Skinner, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Brian T. Smith, USN (Ret.)
LTC Charles Snyder, USA (Ret.)
RADM Raymond Spicer, USN (Ret.)
CDR George Sprague
VADM Harold D. Starling II, USN (Ret.)*
ADM James Stavridis, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Ronald C. Stephens, USN (Ret.)
CDR Paul L. Stillwell, USN (Ret.)
David Stringer
Dr. Victor J. Sussman
Carolyn C. Swiggart
Jason P. Thein, Esq.
CDR Robert Thomas Jr., USN (Ret.)
Robert B. Thompson
Thomas M. Thompson
VADM Howard B. Thorsen, USCG (Ret.)
RADM Robert P. Tiernan, USN (Ret.)
RADM Paul E. Tobin Jr., USN (Ret.)
VADM Patricia Tracey, USN (Ret.)
William C. Trimble Jr.
VADM Richard H. Truly, USN (Ret.)
Todd Turrell
CAPT Mark T. Vanderberg, USN (Ret.)
Cynthia S. Vincent
CAPT Donald E. Walker, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Kenneth J. Walkky, USNR (Ret.)
Chip Wallen
LtGen Robert S. Walsh, USMC (Ret.)
Mr. Rollin M. Warner Jr.
David S. Weinberg*
Andy Werback
William White
RADM Henry F. White Jr., USN (Ret.)
ADM James Winnefeld Jr., USN (Ret.)
VADM Mathias W. Winter, USN (Ret.)
Jean Wolf
Jacqueline Wolf-Enrione*
Amelia Zimmermann
Foundations and Corporations
Neuberger Berman Foundation
William M. Wood Foundation
William Penn Foundation
*Deceased
Foundation Leadership
At the forefront of the Naval Institute Foundation’s success is a group of volunteer leaders who offer their time and talents to help the Institute achieve its goals.
Naval Institute Foundation Board of Trustees
Gen Peter Pace, USMC (Ret.), Chair
Michael M. Wiseman, Esq., Vice Chair
Hon. Gordon R. England, Trustee Emeritus
RADM Raymond A. Spicer, USN (Ret.), CEO & Publisher
Mr. Martin J. Bollinger
CDR Gregory E. Glaros, USN (Ret.)
ADM Jonathan W. Greenert, USN (Ret.), Liaison
Ms. Jane Clayson Johnson
Mr. Dirk P. D. Mosis III
RADM Kendell Pease, USN (Ret.)
Marti Tomson Rodamaker
CAPT Michael J. Salvato, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Stephen M. Waters
Ms. Heather Lancaster, Chief Operating Officer
For information about opportunities to participate in the Naval Institute’s success, call (410) 295-1048, email f[email protected], or write to the Naval Institute Foundation, 291 Wood Road, Annapolis, MD 21402-5034. The Naval Institute Foundation, Inc., is tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Service Code. Gifts to the Foundation are deductible to the full extent allowed by law.
Board of Directors
Hon. Robert O. Work, Col, USMC (Ret.), Chair
ADM Jonathan W. Greenert, USN (Ret.), Vice Chair
ADM James G. Stavridis, USN (Ret.), Chair Emeritus
RADM Raymond A. Spicer, USN (Ret.), CEO & Publisher
ADM Thad W. Allen, USCG (Ret.)
MajGen Charles F. Bolden Jr., USMC (Ret.)
CAPT Tom Clarity, USN, Editorial Board Chair
LT Calvin Cass Jr., USN
Hon. Christine H. Fox
Mr. Thomas J. Furlong
Mr. William J. Hannigan
ADM Harry B. Harris Jr., USN (Ret.)
Mr. Mel Immergut
RADM Margaret D. Klein, USN (Ret.)
Hon. Ellen M. Lord
ADM Michael S. Rogers, USN (Ret.)
ADM Scott H. Swift, USN (Ret.)
LtGen Robert S. Walsh, USMC (Ret.)
Active-Duty Liaisons
BGen Marcus B. Annibale, USMC
RADM Jo-Ann F. Burdian, USCG
RADM Fred Pyle, USN
Editorial Board
CAPT Tom Clarity, USN, Chair
CDR DeVere Crooks, USN, Vice Chair
CDR David M. Aliberti, USN
CAPT Craig Allen Jr., USCG
CAPT Sharif Calfee, USN
LT Calvin Cass Jr., USN
LT Lucy Ford, USN
LCDR Sonha Gomez, USCG
LtCol Brian Kerg, USMC
SgtMaj Jake Reiff, USMC
LCDR Tiffany White, USN
LtCol Adam Yang, USMC
General
Office Hours M–F: 0800–1700
Mail: 291 Wood Road
Annapolis, MD 21402-5034
Phone: 410-268-6110
Fax: 410-295-1084
Editorial
Submit book manuscripts and related inquiries by mail or at: [email protected]
Submit manuscripts for Proceedings and Naval History at: www.usni.org/webform/article-submission-form
Customer Service, Accounting:
By mail or:
Phone: 410-268-6110
Fax: 410-571-1703
To order photographs, call: 410-295-1022
To order books, gifts, renew your membership, or request information, call: 800-233-8764
Naval Institute Golden Life Members for 2023
Golden Life Members are individuals who have maintained 50 consecutive years of membership in the U.S. Naval Institute. In honor of their continued support, they receive a blazer patch and Golden Life Member certificate and are exempt from future dues. We congratulate these individuals on joining this distinguished and honored group and thank them for their extraordinary loyalty.
Charles E. August
Richard A. Austin
CAPT Linda J. Balink-White, USN (Ret.)
David A. Barre
LtCol Theodore H. Barrow, USMC (Ret.)
CAPT David A. Bartholomew, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Edmund J. Bednar, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Merlin G. Bell, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Robert B. Bell, USN (Ret.)
Richard A. Best
CAPT Robert R. Bidwell, USN (Ret.)
LT Charles W. Boos, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Thomas A. Boyce, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Thomas P. Breyer, USN
R. D. Buck
William Burns
Jeffrey A. Cauthen
Kelly L. Chan
LCDR Devin E. Chew, USN (Ret.)
LtCol Jeffrey C. Christman, USMC (Ret.)
SSG Raymond C. Clark, USA
CDR Douglas Colley, USN (Ret.)
MSG John L. Conley, USA (Ret.)
CAPT James Stewart Cooper, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Bruce D. Copper, USN (Ret.)
LCDR William H. Curley, USN (Ret.)
LCDR Ralph D. Day, USN (Ret.)
CAPT John F. Derr, USN (Ret.)
Terrance Diimmel
CAPT John R. Dolina, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Leo G. Dominique, USN (Ret.)
CAPT William H. Dunn, USN (Ret.)
CWO4 Hilmer E. Erickson, USN (Ret.)
Lawrence W. Evans
ADM William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Richard A. Farling
CDR Robert P. Farrington, USN (Ret.)
CDR Peter C. Filkins, USN (Ret.)
ADM William J. Flanagan, USN (Ret.)
LCDR John F. Ford, USN (Ret.)
Cottrell Fox
CAPT Stephen C. Fox, USN (Ret.)
CAPT George V. Frankhouser, USN (Ret.)
James J. Free
CAPT Fred F. Furtek, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Frank M. Geosits
Mr. James R. Gifford
CAPT Charles H. Gnerlich, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Eugene M. Golda, USN (Ret.)
LtCol Adrian Gordon, USMC (Ret.)
CAPT John C. Grace, USN (Ret.)
CDR James B. Gray, USN
LT Roger C. Groux, USN
Richard A. Haber
CAPT Douglas A. Hard, USN
Clinton P. Harris
Alan Hawryluk
CDR Jeffrey L. Heiss, USN (Ret.)
CDR Donald L. Helip, USN (Ret.)
Dr. Hal B. Henry
CAPT Jerome B. Hodge, USN (Ret.)
RADM Francis K. Holian, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Craig G. Honour, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Jeffrey C. Hoy, USN (Ret.)
CDR Kenneth A. Huffman, USN (Ret.)
Richard Itkin
MCPO Jon B. Jacques, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Reed W. Jerome, USN
CAPT Larry E. Johnson, USN (Ret.)
RADM Michael R. Johnson, USN (Ret.)
LT Jeffrey S. Kahn, USN
MAJ James G. Kalis, USA (Ret.)
LCDR S. H. Keller, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Brian R. Kelm, USN (Ret.)
Carter Kerns
CAPT Gerd Kiehnle, USN
Eric Y. Kimura
CAPT William G. Klett, USN (Ret.)
CDR Theodore Koopman, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Rodger P. Krull, USN (Ret.)
CAPT William D. Lamm, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Douglas J. Law, USN (Ret.)
CAPT David P. Lawrence, USN (Ret.)
CWO2 Michael J. Leonard, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Carl D. Lundin, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Thomas H. Magee, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Martin J. Mahon, USN
CAPT Bill J. Marcussen, USN (Ret.)
LT Richard C. Marsh, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Frederick T. Massey, USN (Ret.)
CDR Robert B. Matthews, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Joseph M. Mazzafro, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Willie E. McGee, USN (Ret.)
VADM Dennis V. McGinn, USN (Ret.)
CDR Robert V. McHale, USN (Ret.)
CAPT John Melear, USN (Ret.)
LTJG Michael R. Menkin, USCG
CAPT Joseph A. Miller, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Dale A. Milton, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Steven M. Mondul, USN (Ret.)
CAPT John E. Monroe, USN (Ret.)
LtCol Richard S. Moore, USMC (Ret.)
CAPT George E. Morrow, USN (Ret.)
CWO4 Casimir C. Mroz, USMC (Ret.)
CAPT Charles W. Neihart, USN (Ret.)
David W. Nelson
CAPT Francis D. O’Brien, USN
CDR John F. Ohlinger, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Dale W. Oller, USN (Ret.)
LCDR Kevin M. O’Malley, USN (Ret.)
CDR Robert A. Ortmann, USN (Ret.)
Juris Ozols
David A. Pacelli
CAPT Sophocles G. Pappas, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Carl S. Park, USN (Ret.)
LT George S. Patterson, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Robert C. Percival, USN (Ret.)
Christopher R. Perrien
William C. Petryk
PO1 Harvey A. Pitcher, USN (Ret.)
CAPT George G. Platz, USN (Ret.)
CDR Henry W. Poch, USN (Ret.)
CDR Robert G. Ponton, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Timothy E. Prendergast, USN (Ret.)
CDR John E. Prevar, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Paul A. Przyborski
Dr. Ronnie D. Rasberry
RADM Jan T. Riker, USCG (Ret.)
CAPT Stephen J. Rodgers, USN (Ret.)
LCDR George W. Rollings, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Carlos A. Rosende, USN (Ret.)
CDR David O. Samples, USN (Ret.)
CDR Ralph L. Schindler, USN
LT Paul F. Schneider, USN
CAPT Peter R. Schoeffel, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Carl O. Schuster, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Charles Schwaderer
LCDR Christopher J. Scoppa, USN (Ret.)
CDR John E. Scott, USN (Ret.)
CDR Michael J. Scott, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Carl J. Selbo
CAPT David R. Sharp, USN (Ret.)
LCDR R. K. Sheldon, USN (Ret.)
CWO4 J. V. Shilley, USCG (Ret.)
LCDR Frank T. Simpson, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Robert W. Skrotsky, USN (Ret.)
CDR Scott W. Smart, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Bruce E. Smith, USN (Ret.)
LT Phillips G. Smith, USN
CAPT David A. Spriggs, USN
LtGen Keith J. Stalder, USMC (Ret.)
LCDR Joseph T. Stanik, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Jonathan W. Stanley
CAPT Michael D. Stenberg, USN (Ret.)
CDR W. H. Stockton, USCG (Ret.)
CAPT Gregg W. Sutton, USCG (Ret.)
PO James H. Todd, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Phillip L. Toy
Sir Neville G. Trotter
CAPT Thomas F. Turisco, USN
CDR Leighton K. Turner, USN (Ret.)
Mr. Edward M. Vallely
CDR J. W. Venes, USN (Ret.)
CAPT James D. von Suskil, USN (Ret.)
CAPT Lance A. Waters, USN (Ret.)
LTC Curtis R. Welborn, USA (Ret.)
CAPT Richard White, USN (Ret.)
PO2 William D. Willert, USN
CAPT F. T. Williamson, USN
Mr. Norbert J. Woidke
Mr. Michael J. Worozbyt
Mr. Dennis J. Yechout
CDR Robert Zimman, USN (Ret.)